Why the Midwest Is a Hotbed for Innovation

The first thing you might notice about Chris Olsen’s profile
on the Drive Capital website is the photo of his daughter crying in front of
moving boxes.

That picture was taken the day Olsen and his family were
supposed to move from San Francisco to Columbus, Ohio. Olsen had left his job
at Sequoia Capital to take a risk with investor Mark Kvamme and co-found Drive Capital, a new venture firm
based in the Midwest.

Nine months and 230 pitch meetings later, Kvamme called him
and said that the major investor they were counting on had changed their mind
and would not be investing in Drive after all. 

“I turned around to deliver the blow to my wife and she
happened to snap this shot of my daughter at that very moment,” Olsen writes on
the Drive Capital site. “The photo perfectly captured my emotions.”

Olsen headed to Ohio anyway. Years later, he still thinks
about that moment and says raising $250 million for the firm’s debut fund was
“surprisingly hard.” Even though Olsen and Kvamme were both experienced
investors who hailed from Sequoia, it proved difficult to sell potential
backers on their investment thesis that the Midwest is a hotbed for
innovation. 

“I can’t tell you how many [limited partners] said to us,
‘Chris, Mark, we love you guys. If you stay in Silicon Valley, it’s easy for us
to invest. But you’re going to the Midwest which is frankly a place where no
venture firms have been successful,” Olsen tells Term Sheet. 

That first fundraise happened five years ago. Just last
week, Olsen and his partners raised $350 million for their third venture fund.
In this wide-ranging conversation, Olsen discusses the state of innovation in
the Midwest and why he believes Silicon Valley is no longer the king of wealth
creation.

This Q&A has been edited for clarity and
length. 

TERM SHEET: You were at Sequoia for six years. How did
Mark Kvamme convince you to leave Sequoia and join him in Columbus to start a
fund?

I was probably the hardest recruit because when I grew up in
Cincinnati, the Midwest was not what it is today. It was a very conservative
place where startups were very much frowned upon. For me, it really came down
to the data. For me to come to Ohio and start Drive, it truly had to be the
opportunity of a lifetime. While it was a crazy idea when he first proposed it
to me, it was something where every bit of research pointed to the fact that he
was correct — that there was a lot of opportunity here. It was clear that we
had the opportunity to do in the Midwest what Sequoia did in California in
1972, which is to invest in the very best market for entrepreneurs to build
businesses.

Describe your investment thesis.

The nuance is not we’re not a geographical firm. It’s not
like we just throw out the net and meet with all the companies based in the
Midwest. That’s not how we invest. We invest on a thematic basis into
industries that have multi-billion potential, and we only invest in the
market-defining company. We invest in categories including robotics, insurance,
healthcare, and artificial intelligence. 

Our thesis though is that those companies are more likely to
be built in the Midwest than anywhere else because the raw ingredients for
success are more accessible to them — access to engineering talent, access
to proximity to potential customers. All of those things are crucial to them
being successful. The fundamental difference between us and the regional funds
is that we’ve invested in companies from other places and we’ve moved them
here. Entrepreneurs are moving here because they believe that if they put their
company in the middle of the country, they’ve got a better shot at being
successful. 

The Drive
Capital IQ Test is meant to find out if someone is a good fit to
join a startup. The first half is a personality assessment and the second half
tests your logic and reasoning skills. Why did you develop it and what kinds of
insights does it give you about a person?

The challenge for our startups [that are based in the
Midwest] is that you need to convince a population of people that joining a
startup is not that dangerous. If you’re in Silicon Valley, everyone works at a
startup. It’s more popular to say that you work at a startup than at a big
company. What we found is that if we can get people to understand and learn
more about startups, they can understand the difference between dangerous and
scary. 

It may not feel very scary to work at a big name company,
but it’s actually pretty dangerous if you’re at a company like Best Buy or
Sears. Working at a startup might be scary because the balance sheet is a lot
skinnier, but it’s not actually that dangerous because you’re signing yourself
up to develop skills that will be more valuable tomorrow. The test is designed
to show people based here that they might be excellent candidates to join
startups. 

You said you will only invest in a company if it’s the
No. 1 company in a certain category. What happens in a crowded sector? 

If we can convince ourselves that it’s the market-defining
company, we’ll do it. Insurance is a prime example. We looked in the insurance
market for over a year and a half. Ultimately, we didn’t see a company in that
world that was innovative or building anything differentiated. So we found a
group of founders who were excited about pursuing a new concept in the space,
and we decided that the right thing to do was to back them and give them some
office space. That started with a half a million dollar investment into what is
now Root Insurance, which is valued at
$3.6 billion today. 

You are still the largest shareholder in Root Insurance. There
are now at least five insurance startups valued at more than $1
billion, including Root. Why is the insurance category so hot right now?

Technology is enabling different data sets to be very
quickly integrated and ingested into pricing models. The startups have an
advantage over the incumbents because they’re willing to experiment with new
models of risk, and when they don’t work out, they’re able to pivot very
quickly and find a way to make them work. I think there’s this perfect
combination of technology along with risk to find innovative products that are
better for consumers.

What other sectors are you watching closely? 

Robotics is at the top of the list. We’ve made investments
in five different robotics companies. We’re close to making our sixth. It’s an
incredibly exciting time where machine labor can now start to displace physical
labor. In the IT era, you’ve seen technology displace knowledge labor. Now
you’re able to displace manual labor. The thing that’s incredibly appealing is
that there are entire new industries being built on the backs of these robotics
companies that were previously deemed impossible.

MIT published
a report that says Americans have valid concerns about whether
robots will take their jobs. Outside of Silicon Valley, there’s a general fear
of technology like artificial intelligence and autonomous vehicles. What is the
sentiment in Ohio and what conversations are you having with your founders
about how their technology may affect the general population?

We’ve certainly seen history frame new technologies in a way
that’s uncertain and scary. I think robots are the equivalent of what cars were
to the horse-and-buggy era. What emerged out of the invention of the automobile
is a tremendous increase in jobs and sectors that we previously didn’t even
know existed all the way to point where you think about services like Uber and
Lyft that are now applying mobile technologies to vehicles. That’s a concept
that no one could’ve even imagined in the past. 

As much as this will be disruptive to some of these rote,
repetitive or potentially dangerous tasks that we’ve asked humans to do,
there’s an opportunity for robots to displace that labor. And then it frees up
human labor to work on the things that are likely to drive entire new
industry. 

You continue to invest in frontier technology. Have you invested in cryptocurrency or blockchain technology?

We have not invested in any of the cryptocurrency things,
but we have invested in some very far-out human interfaces with machines, both
in robotics and voice. 

Are you bullish on Elon Musk’s Neuralink (a company
focused on developing devices that can be implanted in the brain)? 

I think the concept that human interfaces have been limited
to the number of fingers that we have is a very exciting place to invest. The
opportunity for founders and inventors to develop new interfaces is incredibly
compelling where we have the opportunity to use our entire intelligence to
interface machines.

As someone who has worked with both startups in the Midwest
as well as Silicon Valley, are you still seeing startups with more reasonable
valuations or are things getting pretty bubbly across America? 

As I look across our portfolio, I don’t know that there are
discounts to be had anywhere in the world. What I see is that great companies
get market valuations no matter where they are. And we’ll gladly pay those
market valuations because when we’re right, those companies aren’t worth a few
hundred million dollars — this is the first time in our lives we’re seeing the
potential for companies to be worth a trillion dollars.

It’s been more than 10 years since you started in venture
capital. How important do you think capital efficiency is in a world of
seemingly unlimited funding?

Capital efficiency is a very valuable ingredient for
companies that are in industries where that’s possible. What’s exciting today
is that there are more capital-intensive industries that are also now
accessible because there are larger pools of money available. There are great
examples of capital efficient businesses. There are also great examples of
enormous market companies like Uber that required far more venture capital
— hundreds if not billions of dollars — to go out and capture that
market opportunity. For the first time, as an entrepreneur, you can use that
capital as a way to build business models that were previously impossible. It
doesn’t mean that everyone should build an inefficient business. It just means
that as an entrepreneur, you should use whatever tools are available to you.

Silicon Valley is still touted as the greatest
wealth-generation machine in the world. Do you really believe this will shift
and wealth will be generated elsewhere in a decade?

I think it already has. I think if you look at where the
majority of the market cap is built by technology companies, it’s no longer in
Silicon Valley. Right now, you have to aggregate a lot of other markets to do
this, but it used to be clear that Silicon Valley built more value than
anything else. Just think about the most valuable companies in the world and
where they’re based. The most valuable e-commerce company in the world? Not
based in Silicon Valley. The most valuable digital media and streaming music
company in the world? Not based in Silicon Valley. Those are kind of remarkable
things to think about. When you pull back and take a global perspective on
things, you start to realize this has already happened. I think it’s a matter
of time before it becomes a popular sentiment.

What advice would you give to someone who’s thinking
about building a company outside of the coasts? 

I think you fundamentally have to put your company where it
has the best shot at being successful. If your customers are based in Silicon
Valley, you should put your business in Silicon Valley. But if your customers
are based in Arizona or Chicago or whatever other corner of the world, that’s
where you have to go. Ultimately, that’s going to be your edge for long-term
success.