How Carcasses, Cats and Critters Sparked Brilliant Innovation – Carla Johnson

April 18, 2019

by Carla Johnson

“Creativity is just connecting things. When you ask creative people how they did something, they feel a little guilty because they didn’t really do it, they just saw something. It seemed obvious after awhile. That’s because they were able to synthesize new things.” — Steve Jobs

This
quote is one of Steve Jobs’s most famous. When we look at the most innovative
people in the world, this is what leads to revolutionary inventions, scientific
theories and market disruptions.

It’s not something that’s happened just in the digital age with the likes of Uber, Amazon and Tesla. History shows us that people Archimedes, Einstein, the Wright Brothers and countless others had specific moments of inspiration that came from something they experienced in the world around them.

Let’s
take a look at some of the most successful examples that have had the biggest
impact on our world.

Meat-packing and manufacturing

In
the early 1900s, cars were custom-made trophies for the weathy. But Henry Ford believed
there was a bigger opportunity. He had tried to amp up his factory production for
years. As the cars became more complex, so did the production. At one time, he
broke the Model T’s assembly into 84 discrete steps and trained each person to
do just one piece. He hired motion-study experts to make jobs more efficient
and built machines that stamped out parts automatically and faster than any
human could.

But
to realize his dream of building motorized cars for the masses, he needed a
more efficient assembly line.

Then
he visited the Armour and Swift meat
packingplants in Chicago. There, a conveyor moved hog carcasses
past meat cutters, who then removed various pieces of the animal. Ford had his
engineers take the idea of the “disassembly line” and adapt it to his plants by
creating a moving assembly line. Instead of all the workers moving to the cars
to build them, the cars came to them.

Ford
installed the first moving assembly line in his plant in 1913 and reduced the time it took to build a
car from more than 12 hours to two hours and 30 minutes. His ability to
connect the dots between what he saw in the meat-packing plants and what he
needed in his production facilities is what turned America into an industrial
powerhouse with a thriving middle class.

Cats to cotton

Eli
Whitney was a farmboy and childhood entrepreneur. After graduating from Yale, he
went to work for Catherine Greene near Savannah, Georgia. Greene had an unusual
challenge – as a cotton plantation owner, she needed a faster way to remove
seeds from cotton. Mechanically inclined, Whitney looked everywhere for mechanisms
that could solve this problem.

Then
one day he happened to watch a cat on one side of a fence reaching through it
to swipe at a chicken on the other. The feline stretched its paw between the
slats of the fence and tried to grab the chicken, which was just out of reach.
Instead of catching its next meal, the cat ended up with a paw full of
feathers. No matter what the it did, the cat couldn’t pull the chicken through
the small gaps in the fence. A few more tries and the cat saw it was useless.

But
observing this scene connected the dots for Whitney. With the idea of the feline
reaching through the fence in mind, he built the cotton gin (short for engine).
Just like the fence between the cat and the chicken, he made a sieve that strained
the seeds by having cotton run through wooden drums with a series of hooks. The
hooks caught the fibers and dragged the cotton through a mesh. The mesh let the
fibers of cotton through, but was too fine for the seeds. Smaller cotton gins could
be cranked by hand and larger ones were powered by a horse or steam engine. Production
now skyrocketed from one pound of cleaned cotton a day to fifty.

Shipworms and shipping

In 1820, the port of
London was the busiest in the world. So busy, in fact, that the “last mile” of
transportion became the bane of existence for transportation companies and
businesses depending on these goods. The British government felt the only
solution was to build a tunnel under the Thames river – an engineering feat
never done before.

The first engineer for the
project was a burly man with a talent for invention. His crew made it through
the tough London clay only to buckle under quick sand, gushing water and collapsing
walls. London turned to French engineer Sir Marc Brunel. A prolific inventor, he
had designed machines for sawing and bending timber, making boots, knitting socks
and printing, along with suspension bridges and landing piers.

Once he was on the job, Brunel
happened to be wandering through the Royal Dockyard at Chatham when he noticed
a rotten piece of ship’s timber. He poked around and looked at the wood with a
magnifying glass. When he did this, he saw that the wood was infested with the
dreaded shipworm. This ‘worm’ (actually a mollusk) had rasping jaws that riddled
wooden ships with holes. As it burrowed, it shoved pulped wood into its mouth
and digested it. It then secreted a hard, brittle residue that lined the tunnel
it excavated in the wood and kept it safe from predators.

This gave Brunel an idea.
What if the shipworm’s burrowing technique could be adapted to produce an
entirely new way of tunneling? His ability to connect the dots led him to
invent a device that has been used in one form or another in almost every major
tunnel built during the last 180 years: the tunneling shield.

Timeless technique

It’s
easy to look at these historic examples and make
excuses for why it was easier for Henry Ford, Eli Whitney and Sir Marc
Brunel to be massively innovative. But the most creative people in the world
all realize that the ability to connect
the dots between something that inspires them in their everyday life and
the work that they do is how we end up with novel approaches that make us stand
out in business. It doesn’t matter if you’re in a sandwich
shop in Ann Arbor, Michigan or a comedian
working in a technology company, the key to innovation, as Steve Jobs points
out, is to connect the dots.

Photo credit: Pixaby

About Carla Johnson

Carla Johnson is a world-renowned storyteller, an entertaining speaker, and a prolific author.

Over the last two decades, Carla has helped architects and actuaries, executives and volunteers, innovators and visionaries leverage the art of storytelling to inspire action. Her work with Fortune 500 brands has served as the foundation for many of her books.

In her latest project, Fast Forward Files, she contributes to a larger collection of thoughts by some of the world’s greatest minds –  Shazam co-founder Dhiraj Mukherjee, activist and entrepreneur Heather Mills and behavioral designer, technologist and mental-health champion Peter Trainor. Consistently named one of the top influencers in B2B, digital and content marketing, Carla regularly challenges conventional thinking. 

Today, she travels the world teaching anyone (and everyone) how to cultivate idea-driven teams that breed unstoppable creativity and game-changing innovation.